Dalton’s Atomic Theory

  1. Each element is made up of indivisible and indestructible atoms.
  2. All atoms of a given element carry the same properties.
  3. Atoms combine in whole-number ratios to form compounds.
  4. A chemical reaction changes the way atoms are bound together. In other words, a chemical reaction is simply a rearrangement of atoms.

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1. Elements consist of indivisible small particles (atoms). 2. All atoms of the same element are identical; different elements have different types of atom. 3. Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed 4. Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements join insimpleratios to form molecules.


  • Coulomb’s Law
    • represents the calculated electric force between the two particles.
    • represents Coulomb’s constant.
    • and represent the charges of the two particles.
    • represents the distance between the nuclei of the two particles.